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动名词用法
用法，是汉语词汇，解释为使用的方式﹑方法。以下是小编为大家收集的动名词用法，欢迎大家分享。
用法：
一、什么叫动名词
由原型动词在词尾加ing构成。动名词与名词有所不同，它具有动词性质，有动作意味且有动词的基本特征，可有自己的宾语，状语，但它又有名词的句法功能，可以作主语，宾语，定语，表语。
二、动名词的形式
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作），或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如：
They are all interested in climbing mountains.
He took a great delight in helping others.
2.动名词的完成形式表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。例如：
He didn’t mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
I don’t remember having ever promised you that.
3.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式。例如：
This question is far from being settled.
He did it without being asked.
They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.
He didn’t mind being left at home.
They couldn’t stand being treated like that.
注意：若动名词表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式。例如：
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
三、动名词的作用
1.动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次行为。
1）动名词作主语，谓语要用单数。
Playing with fire is dangerous.
2）动名词作主语时，有时可用it做形式主语，但仅限于少数表语形容词或名词。常见表语形容词：good，foolish，wonderful，useless，difficult，nice.常见名词：fun，luck，pleasure，use，good.但现在在教材中也常见不是以上形容词、名词照样用it做形式主语的情况。也就是说作为中学生只要掌握it可以作形式主语，真正的主语可以是动名词，不定式，that从句。
3）动名词作主语，可用于there be 句型结构。
There is no joking about such matters.
2.动名词做宾语。
1）及物动词后面可以跟不定式、动名词做宾语，不定式做宾语更加常见。作为学生要掌握的是哪些动词跟动名词做宾语这不常规形式。以下动词只能用动名词而不可用动词不定式做宾语。我把每个单词的第一字母排列在一起构成口诀：MCAFEISPKD（没咖啡是不够的）M：mind，miss.C：consider，can not help.A：admit，allow，avoid，appreciate，advise.F：finish，forbid.E：enjoy，excuse，escape，envy.I：imagine.S：suggest，stand.D：delay，dislike，deny.
2）动名词作介词的宾语，特别是介词to的宾语是常考点。give up，feel like，insist on，be used/get down/pay attention/be devoted/lead/contribute/object/the key/to.
We have been used to living in the countryside.
Do you have any trouble understanding spoken English？
3）某些动词后接动名词与不定式做宾语有区别。
A.begin，start，continue 后接两种形式均可，意义差别不大。
We started to learn/learning English five years ago.但在下列情况下begin，start须接不定式。a）主语是物而不是人，如：Spring came on and the snow began to melt.b）后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如： I began to realize how stupid I was.c）begin，(www.fwsir.com)start 用于进行时中，如It is beginning to snow.d）后接被动式，如The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.
B.hate，like，love，prefer等喜厌动词后接动名词表示经常的动作，而接不定式表示具体的、特定的动作。I like playing chess on days off.I would like to play chess with the chess master now.
C.remember，forget，regret等后接动名词的一般式或完成式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而后接不定式则表示在谓语动词之后将要发生或未完成，两者意义不同。I remember doing/having done the exercise.I must remember to do the exercise.请注意这两句不同的翻译。
D.mean，try，go on，can not help，stop 后接动名词与不定式意义不同，不能互换。Seeing him make a face，she could not help laughing.I can not help to do the homework for you.try doing：试一试，试做某事，看看会发生什么情况。Try to do：做一番努力，试图做某种困难的事。Try putting in some more vinegar，which might make it taste a bit better.Would you try to work out the maths problem？
E.need，want，require，bear，deserve后接动名词的主动式和不定式的被动式都表示被动含义。The question needs discussing/to be discussed.
F.be afraid of doing：担心产生预料的结果。
be afraid to do something：不敢做某事。
He dared not go home because he was afraid of being scolded.
The boy was afraid to go near the sleeping dog.
G.名词way，chance，opportunity 后接不定式或of doing，意义差别不大。
I hope to have a chance to visit/of visiting the well-known hall.
H.permit，allow，advise，forbid 等词后接动名词作宾语，但以不定式作宾语补足语。
I advised you to go to college.I advised your going to college.
3.动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，若就此提问，应用疑问词what。
My main work is teaching children how to learn English well.不定式也可作表语，它与动名词作表语的区别比照作主语的区别。
注意：（1）动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别
动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作。试比较：
My favourite sport is swimming.
The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.
（2）动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别
动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。
现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very，quite等副词来修饰。
4.作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
而现在分词作定语表示主动，或被动正在进行的动作。例如 a man standing under the tree=a man who is/was standing under the tree，a house being built=a house which is/was being built
5.动名词的复合结构。
在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语用形容词性的物主代词或宾格代词，如果是名词就用“名词+’s”形式（无生命的名词只能用普通格，即直接用名词），放在动词前构成一个整体，共同担任一个句子成分。例如：
Would you mind my/me using your handbook？
Do you think there will be any chance of my operating the computer again？
注： 动名词复合结构作主语时逻辑主语通常用所有格。
6.名词化的动名词。
动名词有时可以进一步名词化，具有更多名词的特点：它可以有自己的冠词，可以有定语修饰，在某些情况下甚至有复数形式。
Can you come back for a fitting on the 18th？
Who did the recording？
这种名词可以称为名词化的动名词，名词化的动名词在具有更多名词特点的同时，也失去了许多动词特点：它不再有完成形式或被动式，不能有自己的状语、宾语。如果要表示它逻辑上的宾语，通常要用一个以of引导的短语。例如：There are needed for the making of clothes.
四、practice
1.______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk
2.He was afraid to risk ______ to death during the fighting night and he stayed at home with windows and doors shut.
A.shoot at B.shooting at C.shooting D.being shot
3.Comparing it ______ in the office，Kate found working as a teacher is more exciting.
A.to work B.with working C.to working D.with being working
4.Her right arm showed no sign of ______
A.injuring B.being injured C.having been injured D.having injured
5.No one would dream of there ______ such a beautiful place.
A.being B.would be C.be D.having
6.He was very fortunate to ______ by the police.
A.miss catching B.have missed catching
C.miss being caught D.have missed being caught
7.—The door was locked.How did he come out of the house？
—By breaking the window and ______ out.
A.climb B.climbed C.to climb D.climbing
8.I think ______ in time will make our teacher happy.
A.everyone to be here B.everyone be here
C.everyone’s to be here D.everyone’s being here
9.Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Alice ______ such a thing.
A.doing B.to do C.does D.do
10.It was ______ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his study.
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
11.I know Jack spends at least as much time reading as he ______.
A.does writing B.is writing C.writes D.does to write
12.I am not used ______ to like that.
A.to be spoken B.to being spoken C.to speak D.to speaking
13.After ______ for the job，you will be required to take a language test.
A.being interviewed B.interviewed
C.interviewing D.having interviewed
14.If you can not work out the problem in this way，you can try ______ it out in that way.
A.working B.to work C.to have worked D.worked
15.What made you so annoyed.
______ waiting for ages without no results.
A.Kept B.Being kept C.To keep D.To be kept
16.Do you mind ______ alone at home？
A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left
C.Jane’s being left D.Jane to be left
17.Everyone likes making jokes about others，but no one enjoys ______，especially in public.
A.laughing at B.being laughed at
C.to be laughed at D.laughed at
18.He used to ______ from one place to another，but now he is used to ______ in Ningbo.
A.move；living B.moving；live C.moving；living D.move；live
19.The fireman told us the difficulty they had ______ the fire ______.
A.to get；under control B.getting；controlled
C.get；controlled D.getting；to control
20.—What do you think made Mary so upset？—______ her new car.
相关资料：
1、单个形容词：
单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词前。前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。
a clever boy 一个聪明的男孩 my own book 我自己的书
2、形容词词组：
词组或形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语等补足成分时，形容词必须置于名词后。
It is a problem difficult to work out。这是一道难以解决的问题。
He is a boy deserving of sympathy。 他是个值得同情的男孩。
3、some-， any-， no-构成的合成词：修饰不定代词时，形容词后置。I would like something cheaper。 我想要便宜一点的东西。
4、用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词：一般放在名词后。
All people， young or old， should obey the law。 所有的人，无论老少，都应该守法。
5、有些形容词：置于名词之前与之后，含义不同。
the writer present 出席的作者 the person responsible 负责的人
the present writer 现在的作者 a responsible person 可信赖的人
6、只能后置的形容词：
有些形容词与某些名词搭配时，可前可后，但与另外一些名词搭配时，只能有一个位置。
the involved/ concerned/ interested party= the party involved/ concerned/ interested
但只能说 the people involved/ concerned/ interested
7、同一层次的形容词：位于名词前，逗号隔开，较长词最后。
It was a rainy， windy， freezing day。
8、不同层次形容词：位于名词前，词序一般为：限观形龄颜国材
限限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。
观表示观点的描绘性形容词，如beautiful，interesting等。
形大小、长短、高低及形状，如：small，tall等。
龄年龄、新、旧，如old，young等。
颜颜色，如white，black等。
国国籍、地区、出处，如English，American等。
材材料，如：stone，plastic等。
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